Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
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Adyphren Amp Kit
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
The Solution
Primatene Mist
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Septocaine
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Ana-kit
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection
Epipen Jr
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Lidosite
Pro Numb
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Septanest N
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Orabloc 1:100,000
Dysne Inhal
Marcaine
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Epipen
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
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Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Vasocaine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Lignospan Forte
EpinephrineSnap-V
Numquick Topical Analgesic
QKit Procedure Tray
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Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci
Sensorcaine Forte
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
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Auvi-Q
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
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Taroclick Epinephrine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Adrenalin
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LIDOCAINE HCl
Lixtraxen 1%
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Adyphren Kit
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Gingi-pak Pellets
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Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
EPY Kit
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Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
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Allerject
Orostat 8%
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Ultacan
Epinephrinesnap-V
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Symjepi
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Blue Gel Anesthetic
Octocaine 100
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Citanest Forte DENTAL
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Primatene Mist Refill
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Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Prime Asthma Relief
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Crown-pak Max 4-ply
EpiPen Jr
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Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Zorcaine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Vivacaine
Articadent
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
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LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Epinephrine Professional EMS
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Medihaler-Epi
D-Care 100X
Lignospan Speciale Inj
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Lidocaine
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Adrenalin Topical Solution
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
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Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Sensorcaine
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Minnerva II
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Ephinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
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Lignospan Standard
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Orabloc
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Ultracaine DS Inj
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Professional
Epinephrine
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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